March+17th

__//** UNIFICATION OF ITALY **//__
==// On March 17 is the date on which Vittorio Emanuele in 1861 proclaims the Kingdom of Italy. It will be celebrated this year only, then return to a normal date, mentioned in history books, but not officially celebrated. The preparations of the celebrations for the 150th anniversary of the unification of Italy were initiated by the President of the Council, which was also an institution entrusted with the Interministerial Committee, in collaboration with regional governments and local authorities, activities planning, preparation and organization of interventions and initiatives related to the celebrations. Promoted by the Board of Trustees for the celebrations of the 150th anniversary of the Unification of Italy, there are events, shows and ceremonies in all the municipalities of Italy joining the initiative. Presidency of the Republic and the Presidency of the Council agreed to invite the Heads of State of 26 countries of the European Union, the United States, Russia and the countries in which the Italian communities are more deeply rooted, such as Argentina, Brazil and the ' Uruguay, in Rome to celebrate the 150th anniversary of the unification of Italy June 2, Republic Day. Three tri-color flags representing the three anniversaries of the 1911, 1961 and 2011, in an ideal link between generations, form the logo is to be held in 2011. The symbolic significance of the celebration refers to a message of national unity and identity and testifies to the commitment to promote the country as an expression of reality and peculiarities of all the regions that compose it. //==

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==In the aftermath of the Congress of Vienna, which was held in Vienna between October 1814 and June 1815 in order to restore the land of the European states and restore the legitimacy of the rulers at the end of the Napoleonic wars, Austria obtained in Italy, as well as the Lombardo-Veneto, even indirect control of the Duchy of Parma assigned to Maria Luisa of Austria, the Grand Duchy of Tuscany and the Duchy of Modena and Reggio. The Kingdom of Naples came to Ferdinand IV of Bourbon in 1817 with the acquisition of Sicily, came to form the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, the Papal State was returned to Pope Pius VII. Following the Restoration of the aspirations of liberal-constitutional character and national outlets found in a series of upheavals, from the riots of 1820-21 array carbonara, which saw the sacrifice of many patriots (including Pellico and Piero Maroncelli) followed by those of 1831, all severely repressed. The request was then made its national, even more openly democratic connotations, the movement of Mazzini, which in turn exercise any insurrection, in turn suppressed or aborted at birth, then took over to become the interpreter of the national sentiment of the Piedmont, Carlo Alberto and Cavour, whose skillful diplomatic policy was providential for the future unification of Italy. The movements for independence that traveled Europe in 1848-49 were echoed in the Italian states, which were formed Provisional Revolutionary Government and in the case of Venice and Rome led to the proclamation of the republic: the negative feedback of the European monarchies, however, would also cut off these claims. After the victorious outcome of the riots in Milan (↑ the Five Days of Milan) and Venice, Piedmont, now he set at the head of the movement for Italian unification, fought, and lost the first war of independence against the ' Habsburg Empire (1848 '49), War of Independence (→ 1858-59), preceded by the important agreements Plombières with the French emperor Napoleon III, began with some military successes of the Franco-Piedmontese (battles ↓ Magenta and Solferino and San Martino) and Garibaldi's Hunters of the Alps active in Lombardy, but the armistice of Villafranca (1859) between France and Austria gained Lombardy only the House of Savoy. There followed a wave of uprisings in various Italian territories in favor of annexation to Piedmont: the Thousand ↓ Garibaldi (1860), having facilitated the liberation of the south, allowed the reunification under the crown of Savoy also the Centre. Remained excluded from the new single body, the Veneto and Rome: the first was awarded to Italy after the third war of independence (1866), following the Austro-Prussian war ended with the victory of Prussia and the other, after the proclamation of Kingdom of Italy (1861), was conquered in 1870. Camillo Benso Conte di Cavour, Giuseppe Mazzini, Giuseppe Garibaldi     ==