Special+Women

We wanted to offer a tribute to some women who belong to nations that are part of this project anda that you are different in different fields of culture and science and have left a deep mark in each of usject.
 * //__ Special Women in the world: Italian, Spanish, turkish, German . __//**

=** RITA LEVI MONTALCINI **=

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Rita Levi-Montalcini (Turin, April 22, 1909) is a scientist and Italian Senator. In the Fifties his research led to the discovery and identification of nerve fiber growth factor or NGF, which was discovered in 1986 awarded the Nobel Prize for medicine. Also awarded other prizes, was the first woman to be admitted to the Pontifical Academy of Sciences. On 1 August 2001 she was appointed senator for life for his scientific and social. She is a member of the Accademia dei Lincei for the national class of the physical sciences and is a founding member of the Fondazione IDIS-Città della Scienza. ======

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Levi-Montalcini has always claimed to be a free woman. Growing up in "a Victorian world, dominated by the male figure and the woman had little chance," he said of having "suffered because I knew that our mental abilities - men and women - are the same: we have equal opportunities and different approach '[12]. ====== He gave up choice for a husband and a family to devote himself entirely to science. About their experience of women in science, has described the relationship with staff and students always friendly and equal, arguing that women make up just like the people a huge reservoir of potential, although still far from achieving full social equality. The first half of the seventies has seen her share of the Liberation Movement of Women for the regulation of abortion Aphorisms Rita Levi Montalcini. "The message I send, and I think even more important than scientific, is to face life with total disregard to his own person, and with the utmost attention to the world around us, both the inanimate to the living. This, I believe, was my only merit. " "I tell young people: Do not think of yourself, think of others. Think of the future that awaits you, think about what you can do, and do not fear anything. Do not fear the difficulties: I Have been through a lot, and I crossed without fear, with total indifference to me. " "It's better to add life to days not days to life.

= PINAR SELEK =

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When Pınar Selek was arrested in 1998 was 27. In the period before the arrest had begun to address the marginalization of transgender people within the Turkish society, street children and prostitutes by setting up an art studio where "the people that society had thrown in the trash, collecting the waste and turn them into in artistic creations. " "He was with them, explained to the children who stole that money was dirty and advised them to burn," says Ali Akay, Selek professor and chairman of the department of sociology at Istanbul's Mimar Sinan University. "We believe that as doctors, social scientists should also be able to heal the social wounds. After completing my thesis about the exclusion of transvestites from society, "says Selek, telling how she was born the idea of ​​the workshop," I could not say 'I got what I needed' and leave behind those people whom I shared problems. And I did. " ======

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Pınar Selek was arrested by police on 11 July 1998, two days after the explosion in Istanbul's Spice Market, where seven people died and 127 were injured. Feminist all'antimilitarismo voted in the last 90 years, in one of the most intense periods of fighting between the PKK (Kurdistan Workers' Party) and the Turkish Armed Forces, Selek had conducted research in which he tried to understand the dynamics that had urged the PKK to opt for violence in their struggle for independence, and this had also interviewed several members of the party. A choice of great courage, which earned the accusation of being part of the PKK. ======

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After his arrest he was interrogated and subjected to heavy torture to make them sign a confession, but did not reveal any of the names of the Kurds who had spoken with her. In the text of defense presented to the trial in 2006, said: "I only vaguely like this took me to jail, and then to the prosecution. But I remember very well that I wanted to get rid of those people as soon as possible. Because it was evident the absurdity of the accusations were addressed to me. I was sure everything would come to light (...). But people who had hatched the plot were stubborn. After a month I was in prison, while I thought that I would soon be out, I saw my picture on television. The plot was expanding and I had become the protagonist. A bomb caused the explosion of the Spice Market. And Pınar was that he had placed the bomb. " ======

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Abdulmecit Öztürk, a Kurdish boy accused in turn for the explosion of the market, and has stated that he placed under torture along with Pınar Selek a bomb had caused the explosion. The declaration of Öztürk, who later denied knowing of Pınar (and was acquitted in a final) was the only element used by prosecutors to link Selek episode of the market, but given enough to join the previous charge (part PKK) with the new attack. Again, however, reports of numerous experts and consultants have determined that the dynamics of the explosion was in no way connected to a bomb, while it was very likely that it had been a gas leak. With such expertise, after two and a half years in prison in 2000, the court decided to release Pınar. ======

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However, since 2002 began a new phase in which decisions of acquittal for lack of evidence taken by the Criminal Court, have been repeatedly challenged by the Prosecutor Nuri Mehmet Sarac and void (in 2008 and 2009) the Ninth Criminal Chamber the Supreme Court. Until the last acquittal on 9 February, for which the prosecutor Sarac has submitted a fresh application. ======

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"In a legal process is required to show that nobody is innocent. I am the prosecutor and the court to prove that you are guilty, "said the lawyer of the case on appeal by the prosecutor Öz Yasemin Sarac. "When you insist on imposing a penalty, even when it is proven the innocence of a person, is a sign that the process is no longer legal but political." ======

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Pınar the events that had to endure in these long years have been handled by her with great strength and never-pity, knowing that in Turkey there are many others like her, oppressed by "Kafkaesque process, but without means for make their voices heard. And so he continued to work to hear those voices. ====== In 2001, after being release from prison, along with other feminists founded the 'Academy of Women Amarga "(Kadin Akademisi Amarga) a cooperative that organizes courses, working to increase the level of awareness among women and to support women victims of violence. At the heart of their efforts also turkish-Kurdish conflict resolution, where the attempt is to entrench the Pacific in the women's movement. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">In 2009, the writers' association PEN Turkey, has awarded a scholarship with which she left for Berlin to do some research and now it's there. No one knows what the General Council of the Supreme Court will decide on his case. But as women have written dell'Amargi in support of their friend, "Pınar Selek demonstrating the miracle of solidarity, made us discover the hidden power in one person. Today, in supporting Pınar we discover our strength in the face of despair that is imposed on us. "

= ELIA BARCELO' = = =  Elia Barceló was born in Elda, Alicante, in 1957. He teaches Spanish literature at the University of Innsbruck. Considered one of the best Spanish writers of science fiction is the author of novels and short stories, translated into many languages. In Italy he has published "The secret of the jeweler" (Marcos y Marcos, trans. B. Bertoni), his first novel, and now "Heart of Tango" (Voland, trans. Tomasinelli P.), a story of seduction and mystery the rhythm of the milonga.

In "Heart of Tango" one character says, "there is no other civilized activities in which the male of the human species will mark what he wants and where she decides to follow him, to entrust, sure. The Argentine tango is the only contract that cannot break. "Female identity, in all its variety of characters, is one of the characteristics of yournovels. Tell us about the women who have come to deliver safe and trusting only in the tango. There is a nostalgia in this lack of "letting go"? Maybe the nostalgia of a female identity Forgot? Indeed, in my novels appear every type of female characters in the life because there are all these differences and it seems to me just call and give them a voice that had for centuries. In the case of "Heart Tango", the phrase you mention is called by a man and a longing for that identity is female rather than the man - Rodrigo - feels. He does the information in our days and lives in a world where most of the women engaged in a profession is its hard to succeed in their work and thus has lost much gentleness and the capacity to surrender, to trust and be guided by humans. Rodrigo dreams of the kind of woman that time forward, in which a man could still feel proud to protect a woman to take care of her and treat her like a queen.

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">In 1993, "El mundo de Yarek" have received the UPC on the fantasy story, calling this kind of writer. Which meant you had to prove that the Spanish authorities could compete and even win the Anglo-Saxon authors in a genre traditionally dominated by them? As you can see now the scene of its kind in Spain? What are the authors you most enjoy? <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">For me it was a great honor, a genuine personal and professional pride. Personal because I was the first woman to win this award because the world of science fiction in Europe is almost exclusively male domain. Since then he has won only one other woman a U.S. citizen. Professional because I was convinced that the Spaniards could give as much as science fiction writers anglosassoni.ma had never had a chance to prove it, and with this award, we had evidence that was possible. In fact, since publishers do not make no difference between domestic and foreign authors: If you publish the novel is good and just. There are many writers who are dedicated only to fantasy and others who engage in this kind occasionally. Personally I like José Carlos Somoza, Rafael Marín, Juan Miguel Aguilera, Rodolfo Martínez, Eduardo Vaquerizo, Santiago Eiximeno ... as you see all men!

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Speaking of misunderstanding has arisen around your novel "Consecuencias naturales," I read your statement in an interview that "the writer's work ends with the publication of the book and has no way to explain what you had to back the claim to do. The reader sees him or does not see it, it will accept or not accept it, that's all. "A strong statement and decided to leave very clear that the author's impotence in the face of misunderstandings. What the writer feels when delivered to the world his creature, is detached from her forever? <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">In my case it's something that I accepted a long time, like when you have a child and you have to deal with, since its birth, you have twenty years to help them grow, educate, help to create its own way of seeing the world, is a great privilege and do it in the best way. But you know it will come a time when his life his own way. With novels, something similar happens. While writing is still yours and can only do what seems best to you, delete, change, add, give an explanation here and there ... but once delivered to the public is over. If anyone asks you can tell him what you wanted to say. If you do not ask and they just give their opinions, whether you like them, you seem to be absolutely wrong, there's nothing you can do. This is known and accepted at first to save disappointment.

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">You also wrote short stories published in Spanish and foreign journals. It seems that finally recognizes the importance to the story and that he no longer considered a "minor genre". What is the difference between writing a story and a novel? <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Write a story is often more difficult because it shares a spark and you know you have little space available to set the flash that should impress the reader as it did with you. Julio Cortázar, using a metaphor borrowed from boxing he said that "the novel and the story points to win by a knockout" Most writers regard the stories as a generally more difficult and more satisfying, the problem is that publishers insist that short story collections do not sell, so we publish more novels. A novel is a work of tenacity, strength, structure. May have less intense fragments without altering the result is independent of and even entire scenes or chapters without it being obvious. A story is like a poem: you can not change anything without changing it completely. It is a work of jewelry.

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">In Italy have been translated: "The secret of the jeweler" (Marcos y Marcos) and now "Heart of Tango" (Voland). A question almost inevitable to get them better known to Italian readers: What started you need to write? When and how did you start writing? <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">News of last hour: Italy has just been released in my third novel, "The Fortress of History Is A Viking", published by Six Borders, intended in principle to a young audience but also interesting for adults. In response to your question, I started from very small, orally telling stories to my friends, in a closet that my grandmother had on the terrace of his house. They were horror stories that I invented (ghosts and things like that) and found that I loved were really afraid, that is producing the effect I wanted. I learned early to read (my mother taught me to four years, to avoid boring). So soon began to imitate what I read, that invented stories that I wrote the twelve years. Anyway I ended up not because I was never too busy to spend hours writing when I could tell her in person and get an immediate effect. The first story ended and "serious" (those who thought of an acceptable quality to be displayed in public) are university age, I was about 21 years. And the first shall be published in a magazine when I was about 22. Since then I started to write occasionally, when he came out an idea for a story, but without making the fact of becoming a writer "true" to write novels and publish them. Gradually writing became part of my life and I realized that came to mind stories of form continued, that I wanted to write. I began to publish in magazines, then I published a book of short stories, won the Premio UPC, after I wrote my first novel for children that I won the prize Edebé and, almost without realizing it or demand it, I became a professional writer. Now, writing has become a need: it helps me feel good, gives me balance and make up stories makes me happy, I like to spend months writing, deliver to readers and let them enjoy reading what I have invented. Write - how to read - it is a joy.

= HANNAH ARENDT = = =

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<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; vertical-align: top;">Was born to a Jewish family in Linden, Hanover and grew up in Königsberg before (hometown of his admired predecessor Immanuel Kant) and then Berlin, Arendt was a student of philosophy under Martin Heidegger at the University of Marburg. He had a secret affair with him, revealing only rather late Nazi sympathies, which dissociated himself, unable, however, never completely erase the love and devotion to his first teacher. After closing this report, Arendt moved to Heidelberg where he graduated with a thesis on the concept of love in Augustine, under the tutelage of the philosopher (former psychologist) Karl Jaspers. The thesis was published in 1929, but Arendt was denied the chance to become a qualified teacher in German universities (with the possibility of writing a second thesis) in 1933, because of his Jewish origins. After that he left Germany for Paris, where he met the Marxist literary critic Walter Benjamin. During his stay in France, Arendt worked to help Jewish refugees from Nazi Germany. However, after the German invasion (and subsequent occupation) of France during World War II and the subsequent deportation of Jews to German concentration camps, Hannah Arendt had to emigrate from here. In 1940 she married the German poet and philosopher Heinrich Blücher, with whom emigrated (with his mother) in the U.S., with the help of the American journalist Varian Fry. After that he became an activist in the German Jewish community in New York and wrote for the weekly Aufbau. After the Second World War was reconciled with Heidegger and testified on his behalf during a trial at which he was accused of having helped the Nazi regime. At his death in 1975, Hannah Arendt was buried at Bard College, Annandale on Hudson, New York. ======